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  121. <li class="md-nav__item">
  122. <a href="#a-language-to-describe-a-sketch" class="md-nav__link">
  123. A language to describe a sketch
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  127. <a href="#example" class="md-nav__link">
  128. Example
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  133. <a href="#the-final-sketch" class="md-nav__link">
  134. The final sketch
  135. </a>
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  139. Support files
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  155. Constants: Construction parameters
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  159. <a href="#frame-core-geometric-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
  160. Frame: core geometric parameters
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  164. <a href="#the-body-object" class="md-nav__link">
  165. The body object
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  169. <a href="#the-plan-object" class="md-nav__link">
  170. The plan object
  171. </a>
  172. </li>
  173. <li class="md-nav__item">
  174. <a href="#the-friction-sketch" class="md-nav__link">
  175. The friction sketch
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  182. <a href="#using-the-parser" class="md-nav__link">
  183. Using the parser
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  186. <li class="md-nav__item">
  187. <a href="#friction-sketch-hierarchy" class="md-nav__link">
  188. "friction" sketch hierarchy
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  198. <a href="../shapereference/" title="Shapes Reference" class="md-nav__link">
  199. Shapes Reference
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  219. <a href="#a-language-to-describe-a-sketch" class="md-nav__link">
  220. A language to describe a sketch
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  231. The final sketch
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  236. Support files
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  240. <a href="#the-yaml-definition" class="md-nav__link">
  241. The yaml definition
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  252. Constants: Construction parameters
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  256. <a href="#frame-core-geometric-parameters" class="md-nav__link">
  257. Frame: core geometric parameters
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  261. <a href="#the-body-object" class="md-nav__link">
  262. The body object
  263. </a>
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  266. <a href="#the-plan-object" class="md-nav__link">
  267. The plan object
  268. </a>
  269. </li>
  270. <li class="md-nav__item">
  271. <a href="#the-friction-sketch" class="md-nav__link">
  272. The friction sketch
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  279. <a href="#using-the-parser" class="md-nav__link">
  280. Using the parser
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  282. </li>
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  284. <a href="#friction-sketch-hierarchy" class="md-nav__link">
  285. "friction" sketch hierarchy
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  296. <div class="md-content">
  297. <article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
  298. <h1>Learning by Example</h1>
  299. <h2 id="a-language-to-describe-a-sketch">A language to describe a sketch</h2>
  300. <p>Pysketcher initial version <a href="">HPL Pysketcher</a> enable sketch definition in python. HPL is showing the hierachical nature of sketches. This is implemented via the Composition function. One can further grasp this using the graphviz_dot function applied to discover the composition herarchy implemented as a graphviz image <a href="#friction-sketch-hierarchy">see The hierarchy of the "friction" sketch</a> at the end of this page.</p>
  301. <p>Due to the hierarchical nature of sketches, it is quite straightforward to think about using yaml as the syntax for defining a sketch.</p>
  302. <p>Benefits are the following:</p>
  303. <ul>
  304. <li>Leaner sketch writing as only data relevant to the context needs to be defined</li>
  305. <li>A more straightforward reading for the same reason</li>
  306. <li>A more robust sketch definition <ul>
  307. <li>The same set of rules is applied to generate a sketch</li>
  308. <li>No further python idiom is be intermingled as opposed to the case of python defined sketches</li>
  309. <li>Don't make me wrong! Data defined versus program defined there is no winner, it's just a matter of context</li>
  310. </ul>
  311. </li>
  312. </ul>
  313. <h2 id="example">Example</h2>
  314. <p>This example provides the yaml content to define the Dry Friction case</p>
  315. <h3 id="the-final-sketch">The final sketch</h3>
  316. <p><img alt="dryfriction sketch" src="../images/dryfriction.svg" /></p>
  317. <p>An inclined plan (the A-B edge) supports a blue rectangle which is dragged down by gravity. The plan makes an angle <span><span class="MathJax_Preview">\theta</span><script type="math/tex">\theta</script></span> with the ground level. Sketch implementation notebook includes a controller enabling the <span><span class="MathJax_Preview">\theta</span><script type="math/tex">\theta</script></span> angle to change. The whole plan, including the body, can rotate arround point B.</p>
  318. <h3 id="support-files">Support files</h3>
  319. <p>The example we are developing now is based upon the "Dry Friction mockup" notebook</p>
  320. <ul>
  321. <li>the rendered html version of the notbook can be viewed <a href="../resources/DryFriction.html">here</a></li>
  322. <li>the notebook can be download <a href="../resources/DryFriction.ipynb">here</a></li>
  323. </ul>
  324. <h3 id="the-yaml-definition">The yaml definition</h3>
  325. <p>Sketcher language is defined as a yaml compliant file or string. The yaml file is a dictionnary of "objects". Objects can be regular python objects or sketcher objects.
  326. A skertcher object is composed as follow:</p>
  327. <ul>
  328. <li><strong>a formula</strong>: it's a leaf object, like Rectangle, Circle, Line etc or a composition</li>
  329. <li><strong>a style list</strong>: line or fill colors, line stroke... declared as a yaml hierarchy</li>
  330. <li><strong>a transformation list</strong>: the defined object can be transformed using sketcher transformation: translation, rotation...</li>
  331. </ul>
  332. <p>As a general rule, a new object suppose all parameters to be defined before they are used to construct it.</p>
  333. <p><strong>For example, you can create a circle if the center and the radius have been defined earlier in the file.</strong></p>
  334. <p>The general layout of a sketcher file is as follow:</p>
  335. <ul>
  336. <li><strong>Libraries, Construction Variables, Frame</strong><ul>
  337. <li>declaration of the libraries used by the objects further declared: at least pysketcher is mandatory</li>
  338. <li>various global variable which encompass the "Construction" variables which define the object main physical dimensions, positions...</li>
  339. <li>some "actions" corresponding to executable python sentences<ul>
  340. <li>One mandatory action is the setting of the drawing frame (drawing_tool.set_coordinate_system): it must be declared before any other pysketcher object is used.</li>
  341. <li>Other use case of action is the setting of global parameters like default line color: (drawing_tool.set_linecolor('black')) for example</li>
  342. </ul>
  343. </li>
  344. <li>this is stored in the head string thereafter</li>
  345. <li>The example uses the following objects<ul>
  346. <li>libraries: setting the libraries used for this sketch</li>
  347. <li>constants: all the sketch dimensionning data</li>
  348. <li>frame: all the shapes or geometric objects which will be used by the other shapes</li>
  349. </ul>
  350. </li>
  351. </ul>
  352. </li>
  353. <li><strong>Sketcher Objects</strong><ul>
  354. <li>Usually starting with the declaration of Pysketcher leaf objects (Geometry object like Line, Circle, Rectangle...)</li>
  355. <li>May be aggregated using the composition object</li>
  356. <li>Composition can be made of composition object (recursive behaviour)</li>
  357. <li>Grouping leafs and composition will be further used to apply transformation latter on (based on the "physics")</li>
  358. <li>The example uese three group of shapes<ul>
  359. <li>The body object</li>
  360. <li>The plan object</li>
  361. <li>The friction main object</li>
  362. </ul>
  363. </li>
  364. <li>The plan includes the body</li>
  365. <li>The friction includes the plan (that will be able to rotate as a group) and the ground (will stay fixed)</li>
  366. </ul>
  367. </li>
  368. </ul>
  369. <h4 id="libraries">Libraries</h4>
  370. <pre><code class="python">libraries = {'name': &quot;head&quot;,
  371. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  372. libraries: [&quot;from math import tan, radians, sin, cos&quot;,&quot;from pysketcher import *&quot;]&quot;&quot;&quot;}
  373. </code></pre>
  374. <h4 id="constants-construction-parameters">Constants: Construction parameters</h4>
  375. <pre><code class="python">constants = {'name': &quot;constants&quot;,
  376. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  377. fontsize: 18 # size of the characters
  378. g: 9.81 # constant gravity
  379. theta: 30.0 # inclined plane angle
  380. L: 10.0 # sketch sizing parameter
  381. a: 1.0 #
  382. xmin: 0.0 # sketech min Abscissa
  383. ymin: -3.0 # sketech min Ordinate
  384. rl: 2.0 # rectangle width
  385. rL: 1.0 # rectangle length
  386. &quot;&quot;&quot;}
  387. </code></pre>
  388. <h4 id="frame-core-geometric-parameters">Frame: core geometric parameters</h4>
  389. <pre><code class="python">frame = {'name': &quot;frame&quot;,
  390. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  391. setframe: # sketch setup
  392. action: &quot;drawing_tool.set_coordinate_system(xmin=xmin-L/5, xmax=xmin+1.5*L,ymin=ymin, ymax=ymin+1.5*L,instruction_file='tmp_mpl_friction.py')&quot;
  393. setblackline: # default frame values and actions
  394. action: &quot;drawing_tool.set_linecolor('black')&quot;
  395. B: point(a+L,0) # wall right end
  396. A: point(a,tan(radians(theta))*L) # wall left end
  397. normal_vec: point(sin(radians(theta)),cos(radians(theta))) # Vector normal to wall
  398. tangent_vec: point(cos(radians(theta)),-sin(radians(theta))) # Vector tangent to wall
  399. help_line: Line(A,B) # wall line
  400. x: a + 3*L/10. # contact point Abscissa
  401. y: help_line(x=x) # contact point Ordinate
  402. contact: point(x, y) # contact point: middle of the rectangle bottom edge
  403. c: contact + rL/2*normal_vec
  404. &quot;&quot;&quot;}
  405. </code></pre>
  406. <h4 id="the-body-object">The body object</h4>
  407. <pre><code class="python">body={'name': &quot;body&quot;,
  408. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  409. rectangle:
  410. formula: Rectangle(contact, rl, rL)
  411. style:
  412. linecolor: blue
  413. filled_curves: blue
  414. transform: [&quot;rotate(-theta, contact)&quot;,
  415. &quot;translate(-rl/2*tangent_vec)&quot;]
  416. N:
  417. formula: Force(contact - rl*normal_vec, contact, r'$N$', text_pos='start')
  418. style:
  419. linecolor: black
  420. wheel:
  421. formula: &quot;Composition({'outer': rectangle})&quot;
  422. style:
  423. shadow: 1
  424. mc:
  425. formula: Text(r'$c$', c)
  426. body:
  427. formula: &quot;Composition({'wheel': wheel, 'N': N, 'mc': mc})&quot;
  428. style:
  429. linecolor: black
  430. &quot;&quot;&quot;}
  431. </code></pre>
  432. <h4 id="the-plan-object">The plan object</h4>
  433. <pre><code class="python">plan={'name': &quot;plan&quot;,
  434. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  435. mB:
  436. formula: Text(r'$B$',B)
  437. mA:
  438. formula: Text(r'$A$', A)
  439. wall:
  440. formula: Wall(x=[A[0], B[0]], y=[A[1], B[1]], thickness=-0.25,transparent=False)
  441. style:
  442. linecolor: black
  443. x_const:
  444. formula: Line(contact, contact + point(0,4))
  445. style:
  446. linestyle: dotted
  447. transform: rotate(-theta, contact)
  448. x_axis:
  449. formula: &quot;Axis(start=contact+ 2*rl*normal_vec, length=2*rl,label='$x$', rotation_angle=-theta)&quot;
  450. plan:
  451. formula: &quot;Composition({'body': body, 'inclined wall': wall, 'x start': x_const, 'x axis': x_axis, 'mA': mA, 'mB': mB})&quot;
  452. &quot;&quot;&quot;}
  453. </code></pre>
  454. <h4 id="the-friction-sketch">The friction sketch</h4>
  455. <pre><code class="python">friction={'name': &quot;friction&quot;,
  456. 'shapes':&quot;&quot;&quot;\
  457. mg:
  458. formula: Gravity(c, rl, text='$Mg$')
  459. style:
  460. linecolor: black
  461. angle:
  462. formula: &quot;Arc_wText(r'$&lt;bslash&gt;theta$', center=B, radius=3, start_angle=180-theta, arc_angle=theta, fontsize=fontsize)&quot;
  463. style:
  464. linecolor: black
  465. linewidth: 1
  466. ground:
  467. formula: Line((B[0]-L/10., 0), (B[0]-L/2.,0))
  468. stlye:
  469. linecolor: black
  470. linestyle: dashed
  471. linewidth: 1
  472. friction:
  473. formula: &quot;Composition({'plan': plan, 'ground': ground, 'mg': mg, 'angle': angle})&quot;
  474. &quot;&quot;&quot;}
  475. </code></pre>
  476. <h3 id="using-the-parser">Using the parser</h3>
  477. <p>To parse the above example, the following code do the job.</p>
  478. <ol>
  479. <li>libraries, constants and frame must be used first as all the other bits needs one or more variable they defines.</li>
  480. <li>After, any other sketch can be parsed, the order just need to respect precedence (if one object uses another it must be parsed after)</li>
  481. <li>this setting allows naturally a modular definition of sketch objects</li>
  482. </ol>
  483. <p>The parser checks for syntax precedence and warns of any detected error.</p>
  484. <pre><code class="python">myfig = {}
  485. if sketchParse(libraries,myfig):
  486. if sketchParse(constants,myfig):
  487. if sketchParse(frame,myfig):
  488. if sketchParse(body,myfig):
  489. if sketchParse(plan,myfig):
  490. if sketchParse(friction,myfig):
  491. print(&quot;success&quot;)
  492. </code></pre>
  493. <h3 id="friction-sketch-hierarchy">"friction" sketch hierarchy</h3>
  494. <p><img alt="" src="../images/dotdryfriction.svg" /></p>
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